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(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 1.

T. G.- CHAPMAN.

WELL DRILLING TOOL. N0. 18K989. Patented Dec. 13, 1892.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

T. G. OHAPM AN. WELL DRILLING TOOL.

Patented Dec. 13, 1892.

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THOMAS cr nri'mnfor cHio'Aeo, ILLINOIS,ASSIGNOR.TO FREDERICK c.

I AUSTIN, 0E SAME llion.

' WELL-DRILLING TOOL.-

srncrnicarron forming part of Letters Patent no. 487,989, dated December is, 1892.

Application filed July 14, 1891.,

.To all whom it may concern.-

-Be' it known that I, THOMAS G. CHAPMAN, a subject of the Queen of'Great Britain, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a'certain new and useful Improvement in VVell-Drilling Tools, of which the following is a specification.

The objects of my invention are to provide a simple, compact, durable, and efficient construction of well-drilling tool; to permit the. blades for reaming or enlarging the well-bore to be readily expanded and retracted without the use of springs; to permit the drill-headto be conveniently lowered'and raisedwithin the Well-tube, and to facilitate both the expansion or projection and the retraction of the blades regardless of the depth to which the lower .end of the well-tube may be sunk.

To the attainment of the :foregoing and otheruseful ends my invention consists in matters hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents, in perspective, a shoe applied to the lower portion of a well-tube and the drillhead embodying my invention. Fig. 2' is a plan of the lower end of the device of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section on a plane at one side of the longitudinal center of the drillhead and indicated bylineac m inFig. 5. Fig.

or suitably-sharpened lower 4 is a longitudinal central section on line y a: y in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a cross-section on line 2' z in Fig. 4.

In the drawings, A indicates the well-tube, provided at its lower end with a sleeve or shoe B, which can be coupled with the welltube in any suitable way. g The drill-head C is formed with a conicalend portion 1, and is. provided with cutters D, desirably formed separatelyfrom the drill-head and secured within recesses in'the same by screws E, having their heads sunk within recesses in the tapered or conical portion of the drillhead, although said cutters can be secured in any other suitable way. The drill-head is also provided with a suitable water wayor ways arranged for discharging adjacent to or at points between the cutters D, so as to soften up the earth, it being observed that the feature of providing a water-way for .such purpose is common in well-drilling tools, and that I do not for the broader and the drill-head, I provide a Serial No. 399,462. (No model.

purposes of my invention herein confine myself to any particular arrangement of water way or passage.

The drill-head carries a couple of blades-F, which are confined within mortises 2, formed through the upper portion 3 of the drill-head. These mortises are formed on respectively, at opposite sides ofthe longitudinal center of the drill-head, as best illustrated in Fig. 5. The Walls of the mortises form bearings for the blades F, which can be caused to project from opposite sidesof the drillheadand also retracted within the same. The

blades may therefore be said to slidelaterally parallel planes,

with relation tothe drill-head in contradistinction to drilling-tools in which the blades are pivotally held and arranged to swing out from their allotted holder. Each blade is provided with a slot4,arranged obliquely to the length of the blade, and hence arranged obliquely or, atan inclination to the longitudinal center of the drill-head. These'slots incline upwardly and outwardly from the inner ends of the blades and receive studs respectively pro.- vided on opposite sides of the lower end of the drill-rod G, one of said studs 5 being shown in full lines in Fig. 3, while both of them are illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 5. When the blades are retracted within the drill-head, the studs on the drill-rod will be at the upper outer ends of slots 4,-and when the blades are projected into working position the studs will beat the lower inner ends of the slots. Hence if' the drill-rod is raised independently of the drill-head the blades F will be retracted, while, on the other hand, it .the drill-rod :is depressed the blades will be forced outwardly.

In order to permi-t an independentend movementrelatively between the drill-rod connection between the two.

.As herein shown, the drill-head has itsupper end provided with a-centrally-arranged recess 6 and ascrew-cap 7,which closes overthe recess, but admits entrance thereto through limited slidipga centrally-arranged opening 8 in the cap.

V The drill-rod extends through said opening 8 in the cap and is provided with a shoulder 9, arranged within the recess 6 in The drill-head and drill-rod are therefore capable of an end movement independent of the drill-head.

IOO

one another to an extent equal to the distance between the cap and the bottom of the recess it serves'to cover,and hence while the drillrod can be raised or depressed to a limited extent independently 'of the drill-head said two members cannot be separated without unscrewing the cap from the drill-head.

The drill-rod G is desirably made hollow, so as to provide a passage for the downtlow of water, and as a means for extending such passage to the lower tapered end or point 1 of the drill-head the latter is provided with a centrally-arranged bore 10, which extends downwardly from recess 6 and terminates in the laterally-arranged outlets 11. The lower end portion 12 of the drill-rod is contracted and arranged within bore 10, in which the upper portion of the way water from thehollow rod will discharge into the lower portion of said bore and thence pass out through the outlets 11. 1

The shoe is provided with slots 13, which are formed to extend upwardly from its lower end and arranged to provide passages through which the outer ends of the blades F may be extended. Vhile I may provide the shoe with only one pair of such slots, I prefer providing it'with two pairs of slots, as in Fig. 2, in which way either pair can be used,as may be found most convenient. Thus when the blades are retracted within the drill-head and the latter is let downwithin the shoe, as in Fl 3 andi, the blades can be caused to extend through such'slots as they can be most readily brought into register with. I also prefer to arrange the mortises 2 so that they small communicate with the centrallyarranged water-way, and hence during operation water will also pass out through said mortises and around the blades F. When the blades F are retracted, the drill-head'can be raised and j lowered within' thewell-tube, while, on the other ha-nd,-whenv said blades are extended out through the openings in theshoe the drillhead and well-tube will be locked together.

As a brief summary of the foregoing it will be observed that by providing the drill stock or head 0 with transversely-arranged guideways-i. 6., with guideway's transverse to its ax'is-the blades which slide transverse to the axis of the head will be backed by the walls of the guideways agai nst all shocks and strains perpendicular or lateral to the length of the blades, and that by such arrangementthat is to say, by providing these transversely-slidin g blades in contradistinction to the pivoted blades of the classin which the expansion and contraction of the blades is due. to their swing aboutapivotalcenter-I avoid the use,and consequently the objectionable feature of break age, of pivots. The blades-herein are also noriii-ally movable or sliding blades,in cont-radistinction to proposed primitive andimpractical arrangements involving adjustable blades, which must be set and locked in place before sinking their allotted stock or holder.

can be either projected opposite directions,

The blades herein are also not only positively projected by operating the drill-rod, but also positively retracted by operating the same, and hence no matter at what depth in the hole the drill stock orhead may be the blades orretracted laterally with relation to the stock or head by operating the drill-rod... This important feature permits the blades to be operated as aforesaid without, necessitatingan attempt to either open or close the blades by lowering or raising the head, andv does away with an old proposed way of attempting to squeeze the expanded bladeswithin the well-tube as a means for contracting the blades. What I claim as my invention is- 1. The combination, in a well-drilling machine, of the drill-stock adapted for reception within the well-tube and provided with mortises 2, arranged to form parallel and transversely-extending guideways for the blades, respectively, along opposite sides of the axis of the drill-stock, the longitudinally-sliding blades F, provided with inclined ways or slots and arranged and operative for end movement along said guideways, respectively, in so as to project laterally from and retract Within the drill-stock, and an independently and longitudinally movable operating-rod arranged to extend from the drill-stock upwardly within the well-tube, so as to permit the blades to be operated at any desired depth and extended between and connected with the inclined ways or slots of the blades, so as to positively project and ICQ retract the blades in accordance with the div rection in which the rod is moved longitudinally, substantially as described.

2. The combination of the drill-stock provided with the transversely-arranged sliding blades and a recess 6, the rod engaging the blades, so as to control their adjustment,sub-

stantially as set forth, and provided with a stop-shoulder arranged within said recess, and a cap provided with an opening for the passage of the rod and detachably fitted upon the drill-stock, so as to cover the recess, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the well-tube A, the shoe B, secured upon the well-tube and provided with side openings, a drill stock o-rhead 0, adapted to fit within the bore of the welltube and shoe, sliding blades F, carried by the drillstock and arranged formovement at right angles to the axis of the head and in lines coincident with the openings in the shoe, and an upwardly-extending drill-rod having a movable connection with the drillstock and connected with the blades as a means for projecting and retracting them, substantially as described.

rnosli CHAPMAN.

Witnesses:

M. L. PURIM, WV. '1. BEATTY. 

